The findings have important implications for evolution, as they show that genes can transfer from bacteria to unrelated multicellular organisms and take on new functions much more readily than was supposed previously.
This suggests that large-scale gene transfers may allow larger animals and plants to acquire new genes with beneficial effects extremely quickly, and then to pass them on to future generations. Such transfers are known to occur between bacteria and to have happened in the evolutionary past. Mitochondria, structures or organelles that provide cells with energy, are relics of bacteria that were absorbed by their host cells, as are the chloroplasts that allow photosynthesis in plants.
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